Digital Services Playbook

Thirteen plays from the US Digital Service for building effective government digital services, drawing on best practices from both public and private sectors.

  1. Understand what people need

    Begin by exploring the needs of real users. Let people’s needs—not government structures—inform technical and design decisions.

  2. Address the whole experience, from start to finish

    Understand all the ways people interact with the service, online and offline. Every encounter should move users closer to their goal.

  3. Make it simple and intuitive

    Using a government service shouldn’t be stressful or confusing. Build services simple enough that users succeed the first time, unaided.

  4. Build the service using agile and iterative practices

    Use incremental development to reduce risk. Get working software into users’ hands early and adjust based on feedback.

  5. Structure budgets and contracts to support delivery

    Work with experienced budgeting officers. Contracts should allow for prototyping, frequent milestones, and flexibility.

  6. Assign one leader and hold that person accountable

    A single product owner must have authority to make decisions and be accountable for whether the service meets user needs.

  7. Bring in experienced teams

    Assemble teams with proven experience building digital services. Include designers, developers, and product managers who’ve done this before.

  8. Choose a modern technology stack

    Select flexible, commonly-used technologies that allow the team to work efficiently and adapt as needs change.

  9. Deploy in a flexible hosting environment

    Use infrastructure that can scale with demand and allows rapid deployment of changes without lengthy procurement.

  10. Automate testing and deployments

    Build automated tests and deployment pipelines so new features can be added frequently and released with confidence.

  11. Manage security and privacy through reusable processes

    Integrate security and privacy from the start using repeatable processes rather than treating them as afterthoughts.

  12. Use data to drive decisions

    Collect and analyse data on how the service is performing. Let evidence guide improvements rather than assumptions.

  13. Default to open

    Work in the open, publish code openly, and use open standards. Transparency improves quality and builds trust.